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Annals of the
Missouri Botanical
Garden |
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Flora of Panama. Part V. Fascicle 3. ВА second рагі)
. Robert E. Woodson, Jr Robert M hA EM and Collaborators. 1—96
LISHED QUARTERLY АТ GALES SBU RG, ILLINOI 5, BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF 19, Mi oven BOTANICAL ASEM, ST. LOU
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Annals of the
Missouri Botanical Garden
A Quarterly Journal containing Scientific Contributions from the Missouri Botanical Garden and the Henry Shaw School of Botany of Washington University in affiliation "with the Missouri Botanical Garden. |
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The ANNALS OF THE Missourr BOTANICAL GARDEN appears four times durirg the calendar year: February, May, September, and November. Four num е. i
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FLORA OF PANAMA
Part V. Fascicle 3
LEGUMINOSAE’ Subfamily CaEsALPINOIDEAE (Caesalpinaceae of many authors)
Trees, shrubs, or less frequently vines or herbs. Leaves usually compound, mostly pinnate, not infrequently bipinnate or occasionally unifoliate. Inflorescence mostly terminal or subterminal, usually racemose or paniculate of several racemes. Flowers mostly yellow or red; calyx usually with a short tube scarcely distinguish- able from the receptacular base, mostly polysepalous and 5-parted above, in Swartzia rupturing irregularly; petals 5, infrequently fewer or absent, imbricate, the uppermost within the others in bud; stamens usually 10, sometimes fewer, rarely more numerous; filaments usually not united; ovary free or adnate to the calyx-tube, sessile or stipitate. Legume of diverse types.
A subfamily of attractive plants well represented in the tropics, of which many genera are of significant economic or ornamental interest. This subfamily received considerable attention from Bentham, whose masterly comprehension of the genera has to a great extent been accepted in later works. Britton and Rose have worked out the "Caesalpinaceae" for the ‘North American Flora’, but it is difficult to accept the multitude of segregate genera recognized by these authors, many of which are poorly delimited and nearly impossible to locate with confidence by use of the keys.
a. Calyx entire, closed in bud, rupturing in anthesis; petals usually 1, i )
sometimes lacking; leaflets 1- to 5-foliolate (in Panama), odd-pinnate (SWARTZIEAE)
1. SWARTZIA
profoundly 2-lobed) (ВлунгмтклЕ).........-...--.--..а. 1.1... а... а а... 2. BAUHINIA і іріппасе, or obviously 2-foliolate. c. Leaves pinnate or 2-foliolate. d. Anthers dorsifixed, versatile, longitudinally dehiscent. e. i ened base, synsepalous for at least a short distance above the receptacular portion. f. Leaflets many, small (2 cm. or less); perfect stamens 10; ovary short-stipitate, the stipe adnate to one side of the calyx; legume membranaceous, indehiscent (POEPPIGIEAE). To be expected in Panama . 3, PoEPPIGIA ff. Leaflets few, large (6-18 cm.) in Panamanian species; stamens 10, or 5 and staminodes 5; ovary sessile or nearly so; legume woody, 2-valved. g. Stamens 5, staminodes 5; long), complete (МокЕлЕ
flowers larger (about 6 mm. ) . 4. Mora
lIssued March 22, 1951. Continued from Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 37:314 (Fl. Panama 52:300). 950.
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[Vor.
ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
. Stamens 10; flowers smaller (about 2.5 mm. long), apetalous (apparently complete because of calyx- like а е. Calyx polysepalous above а thickened receptacular tube ог PM ase. lyx with a short or small receptacular base; ovary es- seatially free from the calyx or receptacle (CYNOMETREAE except Nos. 5 and 21). в. Petals 5 or 3 (see Priorta). h. Petals 3; filaments united неңді: legume winged from upper suture; leaflets a few pairs, several cm. lon
hh. Petals 5; filaments free; урну; not winged; leaflets her pe smaller or of a sing
. Leaves mostly 6- to 8- foliolates leaflets — strongly
obovate; legume thin t (CAESALPINIEAE)............
esses 2-foliolate; эм larger, elliptic; legume
gg. Petals lacking (sepals simulating petals in Priori). E tes ebracteate in anthesis; leaflets several,
30
-
E Р.
hh. RON 5-parted, conspicuously bracteate; leaflets 4,
ff. TON. pi di a muore gross, tube-like receptacular ye to which the stipe of the ovary is variously adnate (A EAE).
g. Leaflets 1 pair (in Panama); stipe of the ovary at least basally adnate to the stocky receptacular tube. amens 10
i. Stigma dilated; legume about 3 cm., 2-valved, ШЕ compressed or flattened; flowers small ii. геч. n egume large, indehiscent, terete;
hh. Upper К ange the others rudimentary or lacking;
rtile st
gg. idus leaflets 2) o many pair; stipe of the ovary adnate the length of the elongate жү r tube.
h. Leaflets large, relatively few; inflorescence condensed,
үрөр sheathed by large pe fertile stamens
г Flow ers wi ich dug rip calycine, ensheathing bract- P
lets; stamens less than 12 (in Рапата)........................
ii. Flowers without de ensheathing bractlets; sta- mens 14—16 (in Panama)
hh. — small кат, inflorescence expanded, race-
ose; fertile stamen
dd. Anthers basifixed, opening by d pores or slits (CASSIEAE). e. Petals 1-2 and minute, or lacking
ee.
cc. Leaves bipinnate (CAESALPINIEAE).
d. Flowers very large, T petals about 6 cm. long; legume ligneous,
elongate, frequently 4—6 dm. long. Introduced ornamental........
dd. Flowers smaller, the pde at most эсе 2 cm. long; legume scarcely ligneous, less than 1. on,
e. Stigma pe tate; legume cb d on both margins;
leaves and inflorescence densely ferruginous (їп Panama).
Introduced tree ee. Stigma not peltate nor expanded; legume not winged; leaves and inflorescence rarely ferruginous (in Panama in Caesalpinia eriostachys only E igi d unilaterally adnate to calyx-tube; calyx-tube appear- ique or “lop-sided”; spatulate hum samaroid with a p С-ы inci seed; unarmed tree, the perds very large...
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8. PRIORIA
5. PHYLLOCARPUS
21. HAEMATOXYLON
6. CYNOMETRA
7. COPAIFERA
8. PRIORIA
9. PELTOGYNE 10. HYMENAEA
11. MACROLOBIUM
12. BRowNEA 13. BROWNEOPSIS 14. TAMARINDUS
15. DiALIUM 16. Cassia
17. DELONIx
18. PELTOPHORUM
19. ScHIZOLOBIUM
1951] FLORA OF PANAMA (Leguminosae ) 3
ff. Ovary free in calyx-tube from basal insertion; calyx-tu AM legume not spatulate and samaroid with a single cal seed; armed or unarmed tree, the vas mostly mo
g Blants unarmed or E irregularly with recurved € leaves with a picuous primary rachis байн 8 outermost бу: рт cucullate or subcucullate
a) 20. CAESALPINIA
m n Pan gg. Plants find usually prominently e ed at the
odes; leaves with a reduced or obsolete primary rachis; calyx-lobes, except in Haematoxylon, E a h. Outermost c lyx- lobes cuculla me
a DES spicuous excentric lateral suture; ae id pod 21. HAEMATOXYLON
usu ually obsolete
hh. Outermost ns lobes about equal, not cucullate; legume with marginal sutures; primary leaf rachis
mostly present doe gh often modified. pisos ius т йр from nodal spines; с? e; legume flattened, not torulose; to be expect "y in E 22. CERCIDIUM . Petiole and rachis of ч very short or almost ob- solete, consisting at least in part o prominent spine; rachis of pinna fat; legume torulose
23. PARKINSONIA
1. SWARTZIA Schreb. SwARTZIA Schreb. Gen. Pl. 2:518. 1791, nom. conserv.
Tounatea Aubl. Pl. Guian. Franc. 1:549, pl. 218. 1775. Possira Aubl. loc. cit. 2:934, pl. 355. 1775 Rittera Schreb. loc. cit. 1:364. 1789; Sw. Fl. Ind. Oce, 935, f. 16. 1800. Hoelzelia Neck. Elem. 3:62. 1790 Riveria HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 266, A epi 1825. Dithyria Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 2:8 Fairchildia Britt. & Rose, in N. Am. i p 51. igi other irish have been given for Swartzia (vide Dalla Torre & Harms,
Index
Small trees, usually glabrous and with 1- to 5-foliolate leaves (in Panama). Smaller branches usually conspicuously lenticellate. Leaves monofoliolate or pin- nate, stipulate, with petiole and rachis (if present) usually obsagittate-alate or at least angled; leaflets ovate to elliptic, membranaceous to coriaceous, prominently veined, with principal lateral veins anastomosing towards the margin; petiolules (in Panama) short and terete. Inflorescence few- to many-flowered, bracteate; buds diagnostic, clavate-pedicellate, globose, entire and (calyx) rupturing into 3—5 irregular sections at anthesis. Flower apetalous or 1-petalate, petal usually large and suborbicular, clawed; stamens usually many, generally of two sorts, fewer (less than 15) larger and longer ones ventrally, with many smaller and somewhat shorter ones above; anthers versatile, with conspicuous connective. Legume 1- to few-seeded, short or elongate, subterete to flattened.
A distinctive genus among Panamanian Leguminosae, easily recognized by the entire buds and mono- or apetalous flowers. However, specific bounds within sec- tions of the genus have not been clear, and a number of "species" have had to be
condensed here as S. simplex.
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[Vor. 38
ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
e
Fig. 105. Swartzia panamensis
Predominantly neotropical from Mexico to southern South America; Africa.
Common in Amazon basin, especially along the upper Rio Negro. a. Flowers apetalous; — igs terminal leaflet generally 15-30 cm. long; legume elongate, s 2. S. NUDA aa. Flowers monopetalate; viens smaller, terminal leaflet generally 6—20 cm. long; legume short, or large and broa b. Inflorescence elongate, Mode 20—40 cm. long, many-flowered; legume flat, broad
. S. PANAMENSIS
bb. Inflorescence short, usually less than 10 cm. long, few- eso iia legume subterete, turgid.
c. Petal "i if any s than the calyx; stamens relatively е
18 . S. ARBORESCENS
cc. Peral T longer than the calyx; stamens ma d. At least some leaves 3- foliolate; flowers orem less robust,
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FLORA OF PANAMA (Leguminosae) 5
petal usually less than 2.5 cm. wide ‚4. S. SIMPLEX var. DARIENENSIS
dd. Leaves 1-foliolate; flowers robust, petal often more than 3 cm. wide 5. S. SIMPLEX
1. SWARTZIA PANAMENSIS Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 157:38. 1870.
Swartzia pinnata Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald, 113. 1853, nec Willd., nec Willd. ex Vog., nec ittera pinnata Vahl.
Tounatea panamensis (Benth.) Taub. in Bot. E 47:392. 1891
Fairchildia panamensis (Benth.) Britt. & Rose, in N. Am. Fl. 23:348. 1930.
Trees to 20 m. tall, branchlets glabrous, ME lenticellate. Leaves large, 5-foliolate; stipules lanceolate, 1-2 mm. long; petiole subterete to angular, 1-6 cm. long; rachis not winged, 2.5—9 cm. long; leaflets glabrous to lightly pubescent below along chief nerves, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic- -lanceolate, long caudate-acuminate apically and broadly acute basally, 4-20 cm. long and 1.5-7 cm. broad, submembranaceous, prominently nerved beneath; petiolules gross, sul- cate above, 3-7 mm. long. Inflorescence many-flowered, up to 40 cm. long; peduncle lightly pubescent, somewhat angled; pedicels 1.3-2.5 cm. long; mature buds globose, verrucose, 7—9 mm. in diameter. Flowers 1-petalate; petal yellow, irregularly orbicular, dentate-fimbriate marginally, up to about 3.8 cm. long and broad, claw about 7 mm. long; calyx rupturing irregularly into 3—5 reflexed lobes; stamens many, apparently subequal, 8 or so lower filaments thicker than the rest, up to 1.5 cm. long; anthers bilocular, apically acute-subcaudate, up to 5 mm. long in larger anthers. Legume large, broad, flat, beaked, 2-2.5 dm. long and up to 1 dm. wide, splitting first along the ventral suture, the valves thick and somewhat elastic; seeds few, large, flattened, oval, 6-8 cm. in diameter, exarillate.
Panama and Honduras.
ANAL ZONE: Gatun River kasi Pittier 6511; between R. Pequeni and R. Indio Stik “a Allen 16786; Quebrada Ancha, Dodge & Steyermark 16786a; dr River, Pittier 2010. DARIEN: mouth of Rio Yapé, werd 324. SAN BLAS: Puerto Obaldia, Pittier 4324.
2. SWARTZIA NUDA Schery, in Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 30:92. 1943.
Glabrous trees with terete branches. Leaves 3- to 5-foliolate; petiole (with rachis) 10—13 cm. long, flattened above and 2-3 sulcate, swollen at the nodes; leaflets elliptic, 14—32 cm. long, 6—13 cm. broad, acute or obtuse basally, acute and briefly attenuate apically, with about 12—20 confluent, arcuate, scarious-pubescent, lateral nerves; petiolules terete, canaliculate above, 4—8 mm. long. Inflorescence axillary from non-foliate nodes, spicate, many-flowered, 5-16 cm. long, short- pubescent; pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long; buds globular, about 6 mm. in diameter. Flowers apetalous; calyx rupturing into 3—5 irregular lobes; stamens many, gla- brous, in 2 series, shorter ones 1—1.5 cm. long, longer ones 1.9—2.1 cm. long; anthers bilocular, smaller ones 1.5—1.8 mm. long, larger ones 2—2.5 mm. long; ovary glabrous, linear-stipitate, including the style 2-3 cm. long; ovules about 13; style 6—7 mm. long; stigma truncate-capitate. Legume elongate, 12-20 cm. long, subterete, stipitate, apically attenuate; loculi 1—2, 1.3—2 cm. broad, interlocular constriction 0,2—1 cm. broad; seeds arillate, about 5 cm. long and 0.7 cm. broad.
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[Vor. 38 6 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
Fig. 106. Swartzia nuda
Northwestern Panama.
OCAS DEL TORO: Isla Colón, von Wedel 1073, 1107, 1224; Water Valley, von Wedel 909, 957, 172
3. SWARTZIA ARBORESCENS (Aubl.) Pittier, in Jour. Wash. Acad. 11:157. 1921.
Possira arborescens Aubl. Pl. Guian. a 2:934, pl. 355. 1775. Possira triphylla Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. 1788.
Rittera triphylla Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. T i s
Swartzia triphylla Willd. Sp. Pl. 2:1220. 1800.
Swartzia parviflora DC. Mem. Leg. 403, pl. 60. 1825, fide Index Kew., Hemslev, Britton. Tounatea arborescens (Aubl.) Britton, in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 16:325. 1889
Swartzia rariflora Hoehne, in Comm. Linh. е Estrat. Matto Grosso (Publ. 74] Annexo
5, Bot. pt. 12:16, pl. 188. 1922, fide Duc
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1951] FLORA OF PANAMA (Leguminosae ) A
Tree to 10 m., branchlets glabrous to pubescent. Leaves glabrous, 1- to 3- foliolate; stipules setaceous; petiole with rachis 1—4 cm. long; rachis narrowly winged, auriculate at least at articulation of terminal leaflet; leaflets ovate to ovate- elliptic, rounded or cuneate at the base, obtusely short-acuminate, subcoriaceous, lustrous, the terminal leaflet 5—10 cm. long. Inflorescence axillary or terminal; the short slender, glabrous peduncles with 2—4 flowers; pedicels filiform, 1—1.5 cm. long; bracts small, setaceous; buds glabrous, subglobose, hardly 4 mm. in diameter. Flowers l-petalate; petal orbicular, unguiculate, a little longer than the calyx; stamens 18—20, almost all equal, twice longer than the calyx; anthers ovate; ovary stipitate, narrow, glabrous, 5- to 6-ovulate, attenuate to a short style; stipe a little shorter than the calyx. Legume short-stipitate, obliquely ovoid, long-acuminate, 4—5 cm. long, thick and carnose; seed obliquely ovoid, the aril lacerate.
Panama (fide Seemann) ; northern South America from Colombia to Brazil.
No Panamanian specimen of S. arborescens has come to our notice. Possibly the species was incorrectly reported from Panama by Seemann (Bot. Voy. Herald, 112. 1853), as S. triphylla, and does not really exist there. The above description is after Pittier (in Jour. Wash. Acad. 11:157. 1921).
4. SWARTZIA SIMPLEX (Sw.) Spreng. var. darienensis (Pittier) Schery, comb.
nov.
Swartzia darienensis Pittier, in Jour. Wash. Acad. 11:159. 1921.
Swartzia myrtifolia Pittier, loc. cit. 158. 1921 (in part), not S. myrtifolia J. E. Smith, in es, Сус]. 34:no. 5. 1819, fide Wn.
?Swartzia trifolia Pittier, тос. E 158. 192
Tounatea subcoriacea Britt. in N. Am. Fl. 55 345. 1930.
Tounatea cuneata Britt. loc. cit. 346. 1930.
Trees 15 m. tall, upper branches glabrous, prominently lenticellate- dotted. Leaves glabrous, 1- to 5-foliolate; stipules linear, 1-5 mm. long; petiole narrowly obsagittate-winged, 0.5—3 cm. long, gross and terete near the axil, wing expanded and auriculate at insertion of petiolule(s); rachis, if present, similarly alate and more prominently so, wing at juncture of terminal leaflet 1.5-3 mm. wide, auricled; leaflets elliptic, abruptly acute or bluntly acuminate apically, cuneate to subobtuse basally, membranaceous or submembranaceous, prominently reticulatc-veined; lateral leaflets (if present) usually about 4-8 cm. long and 2-5 cm. broad; terminal leaflet 6—20 cm. long and 3-7 cm. broad; petiolules 2 mm. or less long, terete. In- florescence 3- to 8-flowered, bracteate, axillary or (less often) terminal on upper branchlets; bracts bidentate, dentae linear-lanceolate, about 1 mm. long; peduncles 1-6 cm. long, subterete, lightly pubescent; pedicels glabrous, 0.5-1.5 cm. long; buds globose, up to 8 mm. in diameter. Flowers 1-petalate, petal yellow, cordate- suborbicular, about 23 mm. wide; calyx splitting into 3—4 irregularly ovate sec-
ions up to 1 cm. long, scurfy within, glabrous without; stamens many; anthers
bilocular, basally versatile, larger ones about 2 mm. long, with conspicuous dark connective; filaments glabrous, about 10 of them grosser and longer than the others, up to 2 cm. long; ovary stipitate, stipe 4—7 mm. long, up to 13-ovulate;
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[Vor. 38 8 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
style glabrous, about 6 mm. long; stigma obscurely bilobate. Legume glabrous, obliquely ovoid, caudate-beaked, apparently 2-valved, about 3.2 cm. long, 1.6—1.8 cm. broad and 1.2-1.6 cm. thick; seed 1, reniform, conspicuously arillate, about 2.5 cm. long.
Endemic to Panama.
ZONE: Mamei Hill, Pittier 3800 (TYPE). DARIEN: vicinity of La Palma, Pittier 16676; near mouth of Río Yapé, Allen 323. PANAMA: vicinity of Campana, Allen 2145; Taboga Island, Macbride 2801. PEARL IsLANDs: Trapicho Island, Allen 2621.
The synonyms listed for S. simplex var. darienensis are mostly so interpreted from description analysis evaluated in the light of study of what specimens are available. In any group as polymorphous and inconstant as the "S. myrtifolia” group appears to be, it seems unjustifiable to base specific delimitation upon char- acters of rachis-wing venation, minor differences in leaf size and shape, distinction between subcoriaceous and membranaceous leaves, etc. Specimens seen show inter- gradation on all such characters, often on the same sheet.
Possibly complete monographic study would show S. simplex var. darienensis to be synonymous with some other name, perhaps older than the Pittier publication of S. darienensis. However, for the present there seems no practical alternative but to accept the Pittier name, reduced to varietal status, as inclusive of several newer Britton species, as well as (doubtfully) Pittier’s S. trifolia. It is probable that S. ¢rifolia should be listed as a separate variety of S. simplex, but inasmuch as the type is without flowers no such step is here taken. A clear-cut delimitation between S. simplex var. darienensis and $. simplex is virtually impossible.
5. SWARTZIA SIMPLEX (Sw.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2:567. 1825. Possira simplex Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. 82. 1788.
Rittera grandiflora Vahl, Eclog. 2:37. 1798 (see Excluded Species). Swartzia simplicifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. 2:1219. 18
Swartzia grandiflora (Vahl) Willd. Sp. РІ, Ө 1800 e UN Species), Tounatea simplex (Sw.) Taub., in Bot. Centralb. 47:391. 18
Tounatea penomenensis Britt. N. Am. Fl. 23:343. 1930.
Tounatea gatunensis Britt. loc. cit. 344. 1930. Tounatea Williamsii Britt. loc. cit. 345. 1930. Tounatea Hayesii Britt. loc. cit. 345. 1930.
Small tree to 10 m. tall, branchlets glabrous. Leaves 1-foliolate, stipulate, glabrous; petiole 2-20 mm. long, terete (especially basally) to narrowly alate- auriculate (especially apically); leaflet usually subcoriaceous, elliptic to ovate- lanceolate, bluntly acute to acuminate apically, rounded to cuneate basally, 4-20 cm. long, 2—8 cm. broad, with chief lateral nerves subparallel but confluent mar- ginally; petiolule about 1 mm. or less long, terete. Inflorescence 2- to 6-flowered, axillary or terminal, up to 10 cm. long, with axis lightly pubescent to glabrous; pedicels 5—20 mm. long, bearing globose buds about 8 mm. in diameter. Flower yellow, 1-petalate; petal irregularly orbicular, usually about 3 cm. tall and at least
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1951]
Fig. 107. Swartzia simplex
as broad, claw about 5 mm. long; stamens of 2 types, 8—12 larger longer ones at least 2 cm. long, and many shorter smaller ones less than 1.5 cm. long; anthers oblong, truncate, basally versatile, larger ones about 2 mm. long, smaller ones about 1 mm. long; ovary arcuate, long-stipitate, glabrous. Legume sigmoid-ovoid to asymmetrically oblongoid, subterete, up to 6 cm. long, attenuate-beaked, usually 1-seeded; seed prominently arillate, oblong-ovoid.
Central America and West Indies.
BOCAS DEL токо: Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 1400. CANAL ZONE: Ancon, Piper 6024; Barro Colorado Island, Shattuck 808, Standley 41013, 40839; Fort Kobe Road, Allen 1888; Victoria Fill, Allen 1710. сосі.Е: Penonomé, Williams . COLON: Tumba Vieja,
odge, Steyermark & Allen 16925. DARIÉN: Marraganti, Williams 005. PANAMÁ: Pacora, Bro. Paul 333; Chepo, Kluge 2. saN BLAs: Perme, Cooper 650.
This species is listed as S. sim plex following more or less the concept of Pittier (in Jour. Wash. Acad. 11:157. 1921). Several of the Britton species are listed as synonyms following Pittier and from description analysis, without the types having been seen. Again S. simplex may not be the correct name, but serves as a con- venient catch-all until monographic study can determine more precisely the specific limits of certain ill-defined sections of the genus. The species as here considered
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[Vor. 38 10 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
encompasses a number of intergrading and indefinite forms. It likewise grades into S. simplex var. darienensis, and some names and specimens that possibly could refer to the latter are included here.
EXCLUDED OR DUBIOUS SPECIES
SWARTZIA MYRTIFOLIA J. E. Smith in Rees, Cycl. 34:no. 5. 1819, was con- sidered by Pittier (Jour. Wash. Acad. 11:158. 1921) as occurring in Panama. Britton, however, believed plants referred by Pittier to this name to be a new species (Tounatea cuneata), which is here treated as a synonym of $. simplex var. darienensis. On the basis of plants seen and Britton's conclusion that the true S. myrtifolia does not occur in Panama, I hesitate to list S. sim plex var. darienensis as synonymous with the older West Indian S. myrtifolia.
SWARTZIA GRANDIFLORA Willd. Sp. Pl. 2:1220. 1800, is referred to by Hemsley (Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. 1:322. 1879-88) as occurring in Panama. However, neither Pittier (in Jour. Wash. Acad. 11:155—60. 1921) nor Britton and Rose (N. Am. Fl. 23:342-49. 1930) mention this name, even as a synonym, and Britton and Killip (in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35:192. 1936) record it by name doubtfully in Colombia. “Index Kewensis’ (after? Benth. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 152:18. 1870) regards S. simplex as a synonym of S. grandiflora, and Vahl's description (as Rittera grandiflora) notes the great similarity of R. grandiflora and R. simplicifolia (= S. simplex). There seems little doubt but that S. grandiflora should be con- sidered a synonym of S. simplex.
2. BAUHINIA L.
BauHInia [Plum.] L. Sp. Pl. 374. 1753 (originally in L. Gen. ed. 1:126. 1737). Pauletia Cav. Ic. 5:5, t. 400, 410. 1799. Amaria Mutis ex Caldas, in Seman. Nuov. Rein. Gran. 2:25. 1810. Schnella Raddi, in Mem. Soc. Ital. Modena 18:411. 1820. Lacara Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 3:56. 1822 Casparea HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6:317. 1823. Caulotretus Rich. ex Spreng. Syst. 4:Cur. Post. 406. 1827. Perlebia Mart. Reise 2:555
|
838. Alvesia Welw. Apont. (587:п. 47. 1858), fide Ind. Kew. Caspareopsis Britt. & Rose, in N. Am. Fl. 23:217. 1930.
Other synonyms occur for Baubinia.
Shrubs or small trees, or more generally vine-like and climbing, supported by other vegetation, unarmed or less frequently armed; trunk or stem often flattened, usually with hard wood and longitudinally striate bark. Branchlets with con- spicuous alternate nodes, often appearing somewhat zigzag-jointed, sometimes tendriled. Leaves diagnostic, inconspicuously caducous-stipulate, petiolate, simple but usually profoundly 2-lobed or sometimes 2-foliolate, rounded to cordate basally, conspicuously callused at insertion of leaf and petiole, bilobed apically, lobes more or less lanceolate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary near end of the branchlets, few- to many-flowered. Flowers usually whitish, conspicuous; calyx 5-parted,
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11
1951] FLORA OF PANAMA (Leguminosae) with a short or long conspicuous tube, the limb often spathaceous; petals 5 free, small or large, mostly unequal, clawed; fertile stamens 10 or 5 or in introduced species 1 or 3; anthers versatile or subversatile, usually sagittate basally; ovary usually stipitate or substipitate; legume compressed, elastically dehiscent.
Old and New World tropics.
20—30 cm. long; inflorescence not known 13. B. MANCA lon
. Leaves m. large,
aa. Leaves small to large; usually 5—15 cm. lon Calyx үнер tubular, limb vubspathacesus or with elongate reflexed lobes nthesis. Creat la t 5 stamens Ir ur native plants. d. реді linear- lemen tou Plants armed; leaves dial. with рна ae calyx in bud ery narrow- -tubular, less than in the upper portion 1. B. PAULETIA
E- ee. o unarmed; leaves larger, with acute lobes; calyx in stockier, at z t 4 mm. wide in upper рогїїоп......
e bud dd. Petals broader, epee to sp
2. B. UNGULATA
tulat KE Dear із cleft, 7- to 9- ж. 3. B. EMARGINATA to
e. Twigs armed; lea ee. Twigs ibd: ука larger, shallowly cleft, 11- nerved 4. B. LIGULATA
cc. One or 3 stamens лил dea intro cultivated plants. st 5. B. PURPUREA
r with оя ntherifero 6. B. MONANDRA
d. Fl dd. Flower with 1 antheriferous stam o oblongoid, not | dodi but toothed or
ncate = anthesis. mall, calyx never over 1 cm. preety to deeply cleft. . Calyx teeth prominent, erect, lanceolate to subulate. e. Leaves dull, often appressed- рота t above, the lobes blunt; erulen subtome
long; leaves entire but
B. STANDLEYI
ee. Leaves shiny-glabrous above, the lobes acute; young twigs rufous-subhirsute or almost glabrous. н sate oe calyx about 8 mm. long or longer; oung twigs pubes o glabrate . B. CUMANENSIS Le Leaves E irs a ‘heir length; calyx about 6 mm. long; ung twigs rufous 9. В.5токкп dd. Cd. rest dns expan a ке ыг or minute. e. Calyx teeth rigidly reflexed, 5 . long, obovate-attenuate; br зс апа petiole dark red, сбн 10. B. REFLEXA ee. Calyx teeth not reflexed, vate or var Жы: branchlets and per ine oe, Ты Ыш! to subglabro Lh ida teeth manifest, obovate T. B. OBOVATA B. ЕХСІЅА
ff. x teeth minute, calyx undulate to subtrunca сс. Flowers ioe calyx 1.5 cm. long or longer; deca suis. 2-folio d. onger than 1 cm.; antheriferous stamens 10......
IM ‘pedicels > ; antheriferous stamens 5......
1 14. B. EUCOSMA dd. Mature pedicels shorter than 1 cm. 1805.
15. B. HYMENEAEFOLIA
1. Влонгміл Pautetia Pers. Syn. Pl. 1:455. Pauletia aculeata Cav. Ic. 5:6, pl. 410. 1799 Baubinia spinosa Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Supe. 1:599. Baubinia ite ip Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2:334. 25 к; parvifolia Seem. Bot. Voy rer vee 185277, non Hochst., fide Ind. Kew. Baubinia cblorantba Brandeg. in Zoe 5:200. Baubinia longiflora Rose, in Contr. U. S. Nis “Hach. 10:97. 1906. Shrub or small tree to 6 m. tall, branchlets pubescent, armed with stout prickles at the base of the petioles. Leaves ovate-orbicular, up to 6 cm. long and broad, pubescent to glabrous (especially above), rounded to truncate basally, cleft apically
1810.
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[Vor. 38 I» ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
Fig. 108. Bauhinia Pauletia
up to 1⁄2 the length of the leaf, lobes rounded-obtuse; petioles short, pubescent, about 1 cm. long, callused at insertion of leaf; stipules linear. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, up to 25 cm. long. Flower large, greenish, up to 10 cm. long; calyx elongated spathaceous, tube about 1.5 cm. long; petals linear-elongated, up to 10? cm. long; fertile stamens 5, about 10 cm. long, with 5 smaller, narrower staminodes alternate with them; anthers linear, subbasally attached, sagittate basally, short-acuminate apically, about 2.5 cm. long or longer; ovary stipitate, pubescent; legume linear, compressed, long-stipitate, pubescent, up to 25 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide.
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1951] FLORA OF PANAMA (Leguminosae) 13
Mexico to northern South America.
CANAL ZONE: vicinity of Miraflores Lake, Pittier 2202, P. White 268. HERRERA vicinity of Chitré, Allen 1086. PANAMA: Juan Diaz, Standley 30408; Las Sabanas, Standley 25841, 31801; Matias Hernandez, Pittier 6801, Standley 28014. PROV. UN- KNOWN: without locality, Seemann 223.
2. BAUHINIA UNGULATA L. Sp. Pl. 374. 1753.
Pauletia inermis Cav. Ic. 5:6, pl. 409. 1799
Bauhinia inermis (Сау.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 1:455. 1805.
Baubinia Cavanillei Millsp. in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 1:364. 1898.
Unarmed shrub or small tree to 7 m. tall, branchlets brown-pubescent when young. Leaves ovate, glabrous above and pubescent below, conspicuously 9- to 11-nerved, up to 12 cm. long and almost as broad, cleft apically up to V5 their length, basally rounded to subcordate, lobes lanceolate, acute; petiole about 2 cm. long, calloused basally and at insertion of the blade. Inflorescence a terminal raceme up to 10 cm. long or longer, rufous-pubescent, with pedicels up to 2 cm. long. Flowers whitish, about 4.5 cm. long; calyx elongated, about 4.5 cm. long, subregular, tube about 1 cm. long; petals linear, elongated, about 3 cm. long; fertile stamens 10, up to 4 cm. long, in 2 series; anthers linear, basally sagittate, about 1 cm. long in bud; ovary stipitate, pubescent. Legume linear, lightly pubescent, stipitate, up to 20 cm. long and 1 cm. wide.
Mexico to northern South America.
снікюші: Gualaca, Allen 5061; San Felix, Pittier 5281. veracuas: headwaters Río Cafiazas, Allen 181.
3. BAUHINIA EMARGINATA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 5. 1768.
?Baubinia rotundata Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 7. 1768, fide Britt. & Killip.
Baubinia mollicella Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 53:32. 1918, fide Britt. & Killip.
Bauhinia mollifolia Pittier, Arbol. & Arbust. Venez. Dec. 6-8:88. 1927, fide Britt. & Killip.
Prominently armed shrub or small tree, with young branchlets pubescent. Leaves small, orbicular-oblong, up to 6 cm. long and about as wide, more or less glabrous above, pubescent below, 7- to 9-nerved, truncate-subcordate basally, cleft apically about 15 their length, lobes ovate, blunt, rounded, more or less spreading, with a subulate apicule at the base of the cleft; petiole pubescent, up to 1.5 cm. long, callused only at insertion of the leaf; stipules linear, caducous. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal, pubescent, with stout buds on short pedicels. Flowers conspicuous, white; calyx-tube about 5 mm. long, limb spathaceous, up to 5 cm. long; petals obovate-spatulate, clawed, pinnate-nerved, 3—4.5 cm. long, up to 1.5 cm. broad; fertile stamens 10, about 3—4 cm. long, the alternating ones somewhat shorter; anthers linear, basally subsagittate, 6—7 mm. long; ovary stipitate, hirsute, with elongated style and truncate-capitate stigma. Legume not seen.
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[Vor. 38 14 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
Panama and northern South America.
cocLÉ: La Venta, Muenscher 16310. PANAMA: Pacora, Woodson, Allen & Seibert 735 bis.
Considerable uncertainty was experienced in selecting the name for the speci- mens cited. In general appearance they are much like B. albiflora Britt. & Rose of Salvador, but possess 10 fertile stamens whereas B. albiflora is described as with only 5. B. Schultzei Harms, of Colombia, is very similar but seems to have a more deeply cleft differing leaf. The older name, B. emarginata, was finally selected after comparison with some South American material, in the belief that this species in its broader sense would include the Panama specimens. Britton and Rose (М. Am. Fl. 23:203. 1930) do not list B. emarginata as occurring in Central America.
4. BAUHINIA LIGULATA Pittier, in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:112. 1918.
A large tree with unarmed, glabrate twigs. Leaves broadly ovate, 4-10 cm. long and 4—7.5 cm. broad, glabrous and somewhat shining above, pale and puberu- lent beneath, coriaceous, prominently 11- to 13-nerved, basally subcordate, apically cleft for only about 1% their length; petioles about 2 cm. long, sulcate; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescence terminal or axillary-subterminal, racemose to somewhat paniculate, with ferruginous-pubescent buds. Flowers lilac, about 3 cm. long, with ferruginous-pubescent pedicels 2-6 mm. long; calyx-tube (and receptacular portion) obconical, about 7 mm. long, the limb splitting after flower- ing into 5 narrow, reflexed lobes about 14 mm. long, often more or less adnate; petals 5, ovate-elliptic, apically acute, basally attenuate, about 3 cm. long and 6 mm. broad, short-clawed, sinuate-margined; fertile stamens 10, 5 long and 5 short, free, glabrous; filaments incurved, up to 25 mm. long; anthers ovate-elliptic, about 5 mm. long; ovary essentially glabrous, stipitate, basally adnate to tube of recep- tacle and surrounded by 2 spathaceous ligules, 5- to 6-ovulate; style thick, the stigma papillose and somewhat 3- to 5-lobed.
Panama.
SAN BLAS: near Puerto Obaldia, Pittier 4334.
Known only from the type (Pittier 4334) from the San Blas coast of Panama. Remarkable for its size, reported as a large tree up to 40 m. high and 80 cm. in trunk diameter. Named for the unusual ligules surrounding the base of the pistil.
5. BauHINIA PURPUREA L. Sp. Pl. 375. 1753.
Baubinia retusa Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 1:599. 1810, fide Spreng. Bauhinia triandra Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2:320. 1832, fide Ind. Kew. Bauhinia platyphylla Zipp. ex Span. іп Linnaea 15:201. 1841.
Introduced, unarmed, ornamental shrub, branchlets glabrous to lightly pubes- cent. Leaves broadly orbicular, cordate to truncate basally, usually prominently 9-veined, glabrous to lightly pubescent below, up to 13 cm. long and 16 cm. broad, shallowly cleft apically, lobes obtuse, rounded; petiole angled, callous-swollen apically and basally, up to 4 cm. long. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal,
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1951] FLORA OF PANAMA (Leguminosae) 15
Fig. 109. Bauhinia Standleyi
several- to many-flowered. Flowers conspicuous, 3-4 cm. long; calyx scarcely spathaceous, tube up to 1 cm. long, limb up to 2.5 cm. long; petals clawed, spatulate-obovate, about 3.5 cm. long; fertile stamens 3, glabrous; anthers linear- oblong, versatile, 7 mm. long in bud; ovary long-stipitate, densely pubescent, with a truncate stigma. Legume smooth, linear, up to about 30 cm. long.
Introduced to New World tropics from Asia.
CANAL ZONE: Balboa, Steyermark s.n. (Jan. 7, 1935); Barro Colorado Island, Shattuck 176.
6. BAUHINIA MONANDRA Kurz, in Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 427:73. 1873. Bauhinia Kappleri Sagot, in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI, 15:317. 1882.
Bauhinia Krugii Urban, in Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 3:83. 1885.
Caspareopsis monandra (Kurz) Britt. & Rose, in N. Am. Fl. 23:217. 1930.
Small cultivated tree with young branches lightly pubescent. Leaves ovate- orbicular, up to 20 cm. long and almost as wide, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous above, pubescent on veins below, basally cordate to truncate, apically cleft up to 14 the length of the leaf, lobes blunt, rounded; petiole lightly pubescent, up to 6 cm. long, with bilobate callus at insertion of the leaf. Inflorescence a terminal few-flowered raceme. Flowers large, showy; calyx about 3 cm. long,
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[Vor. 38 16 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
spathaceous, pubescent without, tube (including pedicellar part) slender, 2-2.5 cm. long; petals obovate-oblanceolate, 4—5 cm. long, uppermost maculate; fertile stamen 1, arcuate, about 4 cm. long, other stamens rudimentary; anther linear, versatile, sagittate, about 5 mm. long; fruit reported linear, flat, up to 22 cm. long. Naturalized in the West Indies and northern South America; native to India. No specimens are recorded from Panama; the plant is reported in Colombia and likely may be cultivated in Panama as well.
7. BAUHINIA SrANDLEYI Rose, in Jour. Wash. Acad. 17:166. 1927. Schnella Standleyi (Rose) Britt. & Rose, in N. Am. Fl. 23:206. 1930.
Large tendrilled vine, sometimes armed basally, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves broadly ovate, 3-9 cm. long and broad, prominently 9-nerved, lightly appressed-pubescent above and more heavily so below, subcordate basally, notched apically for about 44-2 their length, with a subulate apicule at the base of the notch, both inner and outer margins of the lobes rounded; petiole terete, pubescent, 2-4 cm. long, callused at insertion of leaf, caducous-stipulate. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal, up to 10 cm. long, pubescent, linear-bracteate. Flowers whitish, 15-17 cm. long; calyx pubescent, more or less bilabiate, subulate teeth (2 above, 3 below), about 2.5 mm. long, tube 4-6 mm. long; petals oblanceolate, up to 17 mm. long and 7 mm. wide, hirsute within basally, smaller petal maculate; fertile stamens 10, glabrous, alternate ones longer (6 mm. long) and with thicker filaments; anthers ovate, versatile; ovary setose-hirsute. Legume spatulate, 6—7 cm. long.
Panama and Costa Rica.
ZONE: Miraflores Lake, P. White 269; Palo Seco, Allen 2896; Ма: Fill near
елімде со Allen 1711; without ары, Seemann 222. COCLÉ: nomé, Williams
j4. PAN vicinity of Pacora, Allen 1125; near Panamá, Standley pum ; near Punta ЖАИ Standley 26247; Tabosa Island, Macbride 2800.
This species apparently differs little from B. cumanensis HBK. (?B. glabra Jacq.).
8. BAUHINIA cumanensis HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6:521. 1824.
Bauhinia columbiensis Vogel, in Linnaea 13:313. 1839, Ar DN
Schnella brachystachya Benth. in Hook. Jou p? ria 2:9
Bauhinia brachystachya Walp. Rep. 1:852.
Schnella columbiensis (Vogel) Benth. Bot. Voy. СЕ 89. 1844
?Schnella heterophylla Benth., Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 81. 1866, non B. beterophylla HBK. A scandent, usually tendrilled vine, the twigs pubescent to glabrate. Leaves
ovate-orbicular, cordate, deeply lobed apically, 2-12 cm. long and almost as wide,
glabrous and shining above, puberulent and pallid below, the lobes acutish, spread-
ing; petioles up to 6 cm. long, glabrous. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, several-
flowered, linear-bracteate. Flowers whitish; calyx pubescent, the tube about. 8
mm. long, 10-ridged, the teeth linear, 4-6 mm. long; petals oblanceolate, 16-25
mm. long, rounded at apex, pubescent without; stamens up to 12 mm. long in 2
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1951] FLORA OF PANAMA (Leguminosae ) 17
series; ovary densely brown-lanate; style short, glabrous; legume broadly oblong, 6-10 cm. long, 2-2.5 cm. wide, glabrate, short-stipitate, few-seeded.
Panama and northern South America to Venezuela and the Guianas; West Indies.
Hemsley (Biol. Cent.-Am. Bot.) records the species (as B. columbiensis) from Coiba Island, Panama; Seemann (Bot. Voy. Herald) records it (as S. columbiensis) from “mouth of the Rio Grande de Panama”; Bentham (Bot. Voy. Sulphur) lists it by the same name from “Panama.” Neither authentic specimens of B. cuman- ensis nor B. columbiensis have been seen. Bentham’s judgment (Martius, Fl. Bras. 152:212. 1874) that B. columbiensis is synonymous with B. cumanensis 15 accepted for convenience, even though Britton and Killip (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35:163. 1936) consider it distinct, although possibly the same as B. glabra Таса. В. cumanensis is included in this Flora only upon the basis of the references cited, and whether or not it really occurs in Panama as B. cumanensis is impossible to say at this time. The above description is taken from the original and that appearing in the ‘North American Flora.’
9. Влоніміл Storkii (Rose) Schery, comb. nov. Schnella Storkii Rose, in М. Am. Fl. 23:206. 1930.
Tendrilled vine, branchlets densely rufous-pubescent. Leaves ovate-orbicular, 4—9 cm. long and 4—8 cm. broad, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, especially along the nerves, prominently 11-nerved, deeply cordate basally, obcuneate-notched apically for not more than М the length, with a subulate apicule about 5 mm. long at base of the notch; lobes bounding notch cuneate-lanceolate to bluntly obtuse, rounded on outer margin, straighter on inner margin; petiole terete, rufous-tomen- tose, 2-3 cm. long, with a bilobate callus at insertion of the leaf; stipules linear, caducous. Inflorescence a terminal, several-flowered raceme, 2—6 cm. long, linear- bracteate, rufous-tomentose. Flowers pale pink, 12—15 mm. long; calyx pubescent without, more or less bilabiate, lower 3 and upper 2 dentae subulate, about 1.5 mm. long, tube 4—5 mm. long; petals linear-oblanceolate, 1.2-1.5 cm. long, up to 4 mm. wide, hirsute basally within, uppermost linear, smaller, maculate; stamens 10, all fertile alternate ones longer, 5 mm. vs. 4 mm. long; alternate filaments wider; anthers ovate-orbicular, versatile, bilocular; ovary setose-hirsute, short.
Western Panama.
BOCAS DEL TORO: Н. von Wedel 487. PROV. UNKNOWN: "western Panama", Stork
10. BauuiwrA reflexa Schery, sp. nov.
Frutex scandens inermis ramulis rufo-hirsutis; foliis orbicularibus usque ad 12 cm. longis latisque, 11—13-nervatis supra glabris subtus appresso-pubescentibus, base cordatis apice lobatis ad %—М; longitudinem folium, lobis margine exteriore rotundatis margine interiore rectis apice brevi-acuminatis inflexis; petiolis sub- hirsutis 3—7 cm. longis; inflorescentiis racemosis terminalibus dense pubescentibus, rachibus conspicue bracteatis, bracteis linearibus acuminato-attenuatis ca. 1 cm.
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[Vor. 38 18 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN
longis; calyce campanulato exteriore dense pubescente 15-nervato coriaceo, ca. 8 mm. longo latoque, dentibus ligulato-oblanceolatis reflexis valde coriaceis, ca. 5 mm. longis, terminaliter attenuatis; petalis obovatis ca. 2 cm. longis, exteriore setoso-pubescentibus, base carnosis angustatis prominente biauriculatis, auriculis 1.5 mm. longis; staminibus fertilibus 10, 5—6 mm. longis, filamentis glabris, antheris 171.5 mm. longis; ovario sessili setoso-hirsuto pauci-ovulato, stigmate obliquo.
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